Copyright and Licensing

Author-retained copyright with transparent CC BY-SA 4.0 reuse conditions

License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Permitted Use

• Share: copy and redistribute the licensed material in any medium or format, including for commercial purposes.
• Adapt: remix, transform, and build upon the licensed material, including for commercial purposes.
• Conditions: give appropriate credit, provide the license link, indicate whether changes were made, and distribute adaptations under CC BY-SA 4.0. Credit should identify the author, article title, JPM, year, and DOI.

Author Rights

• Authors may reuse, distribute, translate, teach from, archive, or incorporate their published work into later works, provided that the original JPM publication and DOI are acknowledged and the license is followed.
• Authors may deposit the Version of Record without embargo under the Open Access Policy.
• Authors remain responsible for originality, permissions, lawful use, author approval, and disclosure of material subject to another agreement, patent, confidentiality, or third-party right.

Third-Party Material and License Changes

The article license applies only to material the authors and journal are legally entitled to license. A photograph, instrument, dataset, logo, figure, map, quotation, or other third-party item may carry separate terms stated in its credit line; users must obtain additional permission when the intended reuse is not covered. A later change to JPM's standard license does not retroactively alter the license already attached to a published Version of Record.