Ethical Oversight

Research Integrity

Ethical Oversight

Approval, exemption, informed consent, privacy, vulnerability, and risk safeguards

Core requirementResearch involving people, personal data, vulnerable groups, organizations, animals, or material social, psychological, economic, professional, cultural, or safety risk must demonstrate approval, exemption, consent, and safeguards appropriate to the applicable jurisdiction and institution.

JPM draws on recognized research-ethics principles, including the Guidelines for Research Ethics in the Social Sciences, Humanities, Law and Theology, while requiring compliance with applicable Indonesian law, institutional rules, and discipline-specific standards.

Required Ethical Information

  • Name the approving ethics committee or institutional review body, approval number, and approval date when prior review was required.
  • When formal review was not required, identify the applicable institutional rule and provide a clear exemption or minimal-risk statement. Authors must not invent an approval number or obtain retrospective approval to conceal noncompliance.
  • Describe informed-consent or lawful-consent procedures, voluntary participation, withdrawal rights, recruitment, incentives, confidentiality, anonymization or pseudonymization, data security, and risk mitigation as applicable.
  • Obtain explicit permission for publication of identifiable names, images, quotations, case details, or organizational information when identification is reasonably possible.
  • Provide enhanced safeguards for children, persons with impaired decision-making capacity, employees, students, economically dependent participants, marginalized groups, and relationships involving power imbalance.
  • State permissions for organizational access, proprietary records, administrative datasets, social-media data, or third-party materials and explain whether individuals could reasonably expect research use.
  • Animal research must document applicable welfare standards, approval, humane procedures, and the justification for animal use.

Suggested Article Statements

Formal approvalEthical approval was granted by [full committee name], approval number [number], dated [date]. Informed consent was obtained from all participants or their lawful representatives.
Exempt or minimal-risk studyUnder [institutional rule or written determination], formal ethical review was not required because [brief reason]. The study involved minimal risk; participation was voluntary, informed consent was obtained where applicable, and data were anonymized and securely managed.

Editorial Oversight

Editors may request approval letters, exemption determinations, protocols, consent materials, instruments, data-protection explanations, organizational permissions, or institutional confirmation. Missing or unclear information may be corrected before review. Suspected false approval, absent consent, serious risk, or unethical conduct is handled under the Research Misconduct Handling Policy. Published-record actions follow the dedicated correction, concern, or retraction policy. General duties remain in Publication Ethics.

Page owner: Editorial Board, Jurnal Pakar Manajemen (JPM) · Last reviewed: August 2026.